Comportamiento autolesivo en individuos con trastorno del espectro autista y discapacidad intelectual.

Autores: Richards C, y col.

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se ha identificado como un marcador de riesgo para el comportamiento autolesivo. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue describir la prevalencia, la topografía y los correlatos de la autolesión en personas con TEA en contraste con las personas con síndromes de X y Down frágiles y examinar las características de las personas asociadas con la autolesión en estos grupos y dentro de ellos.

MÉTODO: Cuidadores de personas con TEA (n = 149; edad media = 9.98, DE = 4.86), síndrome de X frágil (n = 123; edad media = 15.32, DE = 8.74) y síndrome de Down (n = 49; edad media = 15.84, SD = 12.59) completaron cuestionarios relacionados con la presencia y la topografía de las autolesiones. También se recopiló información sobre características demográficas, afecto, comportamiento autista, hiperactividad, impulsividad y comportamiento repetitivo.

RESULTADOS: El comportamiento autolesivo se mostró en el 50% de la muestra de TEA: una prevalencia significativamente mayor que en el grupo con síndrome de Down (18.4%) pero ampliamente similar a la prevalencia en el síndrome de X frágil (54.5%). La autolesión se asoció con niveles significativamente más altos de comportamiento autista dentro de los grupos de síndrome de Down y X frágil. Dentro del grupo de TEA, la presencia de autolesiones se asoció con niveles significativamente más altos de impulsividad e hiperactividad, afecto negativo y niveles significativamente más bajos de capacidad y habla.

CONCLUSIONES: El comportamiento autolesivo es frecuente en individuos con TEA y la presencia de fenomenología de TEA aumenta el riesgo de autolesión en individuos con trastornos genéticos conocidos pero sin un diagnóstico de autismo idiopático. Las características de la persona asociadas con la autolesión en el TEA indican un papel para la inhibición del comportamiento deteriorada, bajos niveles de capacidad y afecto negativo en el desarrollo de la conducta autolesiva.

Fuente: J Intellect Disabil Res. 2012.

1 Comment :

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    dumbbell bicep exercises. As A Result Of of the place of the
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    You will just do the identical factor for the curls for
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    To perform it, seize the cable with one hand, face away, and let the cable come over your opposite shoulder.
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    largest head of the triceps, the long head. Related to the regular preacher curl, begin off lighter for larger reps
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    Now, standing hammer curls are the standard go-to for these muscle
    tissue.
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    This is an excellent exercise as a result of it hits all three functions of the
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    Biceps exercises differ of their power curve, which is the a part of the range of movement where the contraction is the strongest.
    A lot of individuals skip bicep coaching, pondering that they’ll
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    The more durable you press your palms up with this exercise the extra you’ll feel it.

    When doing something like this, contractions of 4 to seven seconds for 10
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    Some will purely be body weight workout routines, while others will use the tools we
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    As such, your biceps get to get pleasure from 100 percent of the resistance, which is why spider curls
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    making certain balanced growth when carried out with correct
    form and progressive overload​. You can incorporate many of those movements right
    into a beginner bicep workout and use more depth techniques should you
    want a complicated exercise.
    Grasp freely along with your arms absolutely prolonged and ankles crossed behind you.
    Add chains on each finish of the bar, which enhance the resistance one link at a time as you carry.

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    Select a weight that allows you to attain muscle failure
    by the target rep listed. This scheme follows a reverse pyramid,
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    to muscle failure. This is why once I tested
    close grip curls with EMG, the long head had more activation relative to the quick head.
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    To find out what workout routines truly target every
    of the bicep heads, I did what any normal gym-bro would do.

    In addition, you’ll be able to curl both dumbbells on the same time or alternate between sides.

    It is equally effective for activating your biceps.1 Some folks really feel that
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    the muscle the sits beneath the biceps and generates even more flex power.

    You’ll get stronger, and your arm muscular tissues will
    look greater to boot. As with different movements that begin from a stretched position,
    you get the most muscle activation during the lower third of the movement.
    As the load strikes up, the muscle does not should work as onerous.

    Whereas cheat curls may not be the most effective bicep exercise for everybody, they can be a great option for knowledgeable lifters who are centered on progressive overload.
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    You can do all of these workout routines at the gym or at house in case you
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    long. But if you’re continuously changing workout routines, then you’re
    always going to be starting at a lower resistance level and dealing your method back up.

    Due To This Fact, it’s a lot better to pick a couple of core exercises
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    If you select the best workout routines and apply the best methods you can get so much from
    your exercises in a a lot shorter time period.
    Most picks for this list of one of the best biceps workout routines require some
    form of equipment, be it a barbell, a set of dumbbells, or even expensive
    machines. Nonetheless, should you prepare at home and
    don’t have the space or the cash for such contraptions, you’ll have the ability to still do several glorious arm exercises, just like the
    chin-up and the bodyweight curl. You can even do cable curls with a rope,
    which turns it into a substitute for the dumbbell hammer curl.
    The impartial grip reduces the load in your biceps however increases
    it in your brachialis and brachioradialis muscles.

    By combining these bicep and tricep isolation exercises into your next arm exercise, you’ll construct power, dimension, and energy precisely
    where you need it. Experimenting with cable curls can add a
    refreshing change to your workout routine, concentrating on the biceps in slightly other ways
    for continuous improvement. However, it has its limitations; the barbell curl lacks
    pressure at the stretched position, with most resistance occurring when the elbow reaches 90
    levels.
    These awesome biceps workouts will maintain your training contemporary,
    fun, and attention-grabbing. Going too crazy with your biceps exercises may be counterproductive.
    Since your biceps are a small muscle group, they want extra time to get well than bigger muscles like quads.
    You must anticipate at least seventy two hours before training your biceps once more.
    Furthermore, folks with a balanced physique don’t need to coach them greater than twice every week.
    An ideal biceps coaching routine should have a combine
    of free-weight and cable exercises.
    This positioning offers a larger stretch within the biceps, particularly within the lengthy head, making it a
    prime alternative for those looking to add height to their biceps.
    Whereas it can be difficult for novices as a result of strict type required, the
    incline curl pays off with spectacular features.
    The preacher curl stands out as one of the most effective workout routines for bicep growth.

    By allowing for a higher stretch at the beginning of the movement, it ensures maximum muscle activation. Switching from barbells to dumbbells provides distinctive benefits, particularly for
    those vulnerable to joint discomfort. Dumbbell
    curls enable larger wrist flexibility, which might
    ease pressure on the elbows and wrists.

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